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Bdellovibrio: The Vampire Bacteria PDF Print E-mail
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Article Category - --Science
Monday, 11 October 2010 17:13

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More popular Bacteria identified with the cause of the disease. Indeed, some terrible disease that attacks humans, such as plague, anthrax, and tuberculosis caused by bacteria. But the real world of bacteria is much more diverse than just the cause of human disease only. This time I want to highlight one bacteria that live by prey and suck out nutrients from other bacteria: Bdellovibrio.

Bdellovibrio can live in different habitats in nature: the sea water, fresh water, even in the land. His name itself reflects a similar way of life vampire. Bdello is Greek for leech or exploiters. The form of this bacterium as a slightly curved rod and the length is only about 1 micrometer. He moves using flagella (tools like tail motion, see picture) to find their prey at speeds around 160 micrometers per second or more than 100 times the length of his cell. If she's a size similar to humans with a high 180 cm, then the speed of its motion to be 648 km / h!


Not only

How Bdellovibrio commit crimes? The first attack is done is annealing in the plasma membrane of bacterial prey. Then he will go into space periplasma, namely the space between the outer membrane and inner membrane of bacterial prey. Periplasma possessed only type of Gram-negative bacteria, because it also only bacterium Bdellovibrio prey to this type. From here he will form a structure called bdelloplast and start using nutrients from the cytoplasm of bacteria to grow and live prey. After he drained the nutrients it, bdelloplast will be divided - divided into several new Bdellovibrio, which were further maturation and bacterial cell breaks apart its prey to come out and look for new prey. All that can happen in only about 3.5 hours.

Bdellovibrio not the only one - the only bacteria that become predators of other bacteria. Vampirococcus for example, also live in a similar manner. However, predasinya done only by sticking to the prey cell. He will stick to the bacteria cell walls and reproduce while using the nutrients from their prey. Because his life like this, he called the epibiont (epi: upon, bio: life). Daptobacter also a predator of bacteria. He spent nutrient prey cell with direct breaks into the cell cytoplasm and divide there.

Positive Impact

In addition to further explore the unique life cycle, Bdellovibrio research also may bring positive impact of the application. Kadouri and O'Toole in 2005 found that Bdellovibrio can be used to attack biofilms. Biofilm is a collection of various bacteria that form a protective structure so that they are more difficult to eradicate. In nature, biofilms can be found in various places ranging from the surface of rocks in the river, surface water pipes, surface equipment - medical equipment, even your own tooth surface. Well, the formation of biolfilm mainly on equipment - medical equipment such as cardiac catheters, can threaten the health of patients because of the discovery Kadouri and O'Toole has the potential for direct application.

Protein - protein used Bdellovibrio to perform an action also may be used as a remedy to overcome the bacterial infection is increasingly difficult to overcome because of the increased antibiotic resistance. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen causes tuberculosis, are now increasingly resistant to antibiotics due to various reasons. If resistant pathogens that attack us, the cure would be very difficult because believe it or not, the only weapon we face antibiotiklah infection. Therefore, more in-depth research on how to live Bdellovibrio may lead to the discovery of a new weapon against bacterial pathogens. Indeed, from bacterial genome sequence was known that he has about 200 genes that mengodekan various lytic proteins - protein molecules that are used to break down various organic compounds making up the membrane or cell wall of many pathogenic bacteria. Well, just hoping this will be realized.

 

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